不同静电场处理方式对大豆生物学效应的比较研究

分别研究了静电场预处理种子、静电场处理幼苗以及种子和幼苗累积静电场处理3种电场处理方式对大豆叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素a(Chla)荧光动力学参数和根系活力的影响.结果表明,3种静电场处理方式均能对大豆产生明显的生物学效应.其中,静电场处理种子对大豆的影响相对较小,静电场处理幼苗对大豆的影响较大,而对种子和幼苗累积静电场处理对大豆的影响最为显著.图2表1参11     

测量工频电磁场应注意的问题

根据高压输变电线路下工频电磁场测量工作的经验,提出应正确选择电磁辐射测量仪器,注重选择测量点位和高度,减少人为干扰和减小环境因素对测量的影响等,从而提高工频电磁场测量的准确性和可靠性.     

Nitrate leaching in agriculture to upper groundwater in the sandy regions of the Netherlands during the 1992–1995 period

The Dutch National Monitoring Programme for Effectiveness of the Minerals Policy (LMM) was initiated to allow detection of a statutory reduction in nitrate leaching caused by a decreasing N load. The starting point, or baseline, was taken as the nitrate concentration of the upper metre of groundwater sampled on 99 farms in the 1992–1995 period in the sandy areas of the Netherlands, where predominantly grass and maize grow. We found here that a reduction in nitrate leaching of more than 20% in future would almost certainly be detected with the LMM. Detecting downward trends due to decreasing N load will require nitrate concentrations to also be related to soil drainage, precipitation excess leading to groundwater recharge and to location. Furthermore, we found that about 16% of the N load in the Dutch sandy regions was being leached to the upper metre of groundwater in the 1992–1995 period. The critical N load in approximately 1990 for exceeding the EC limit value for nitrate, NO₃, (50 mg L^–1) in the upper metre of groundwater for the mean situation for grassland, maize and arable land in the sandy area was found to be 210 kg ha^–1 a^–1. Because manure management has been altered, the critical load found will be lower than the current critical load .     

DEVELOPMENT OF ARSENIC TESTING FIELD KIT—A TOOL FOR RAPID ON-SITE SCREENING OF ARSENIC CONTAMINATED WATER SOURCES

Recognizing the enormity and severity of the problem of arsenic poisoning in ground water, the capabilities of commercially available arsenic detection field kits were critically evaluated. In the light of findings of the evaluation of these kits, their merits and limitations; a simple, efficient, prudent, userfriendly, indigenous field kit has been developed. The kit can be used for rapid on-site screening of arsenic contaminated water sources and is capable of detecting arsenic concentration as low as 0.01 mg L^–1, the guideline value for arsenic set by the WHO. The kit has been subjected to extensive laboratory and field testing. The details of development of the kit and its salient features are presented in the paper.     

平行磁场下电极材料对DBD降解亚甲基蓝的影响

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术,以镍,铁,钼,不锈钢4种材料作为电极,分别在有平行磁场和无平行磁场的条件下,考察了不同电极材料对亚甲基蓝降解率和能量利用率的影响.实验中发现电极材料的不同会影响亚甲基蓝的降解效果,其中镍电极在处理8min后亚甲基蓝降解率可达99%,降解效果最好,电极材料还会影响平行磁场对亚甲基蓝降解的促进效果,铁和镍电极的能量利用率相比无磁场时提高了约20%,而钼和不锈钢只有5%~10%.通过研究介质阻挡放电等离子体的产生机理和二次电子发射原理,发现这些差异是由电极材料的二次电子发射系数和磁导率的不同导致的,4种材料中铁的二次电子发射系数最大,电子雪崩过程中产生的高能电子更多,因此降解效果最好,铁和镍的磁导率最大,放电空间内的磁感应强度更高,因此平行磁场对亚甲基蓝降解率和能量利用率的提升更大.     

考虑尾矿材料参数空间变异性的尾矿坝稳定可靠度分析

为客观地评价尾矿坝稳定性,在随机场理论和极限平衡分析框架下,采用考虑参数空间变异性尾矿坝可靠度分析的非侵入式随机有限元法,通过Karhunen Loève级数展开方法离散尾矿材料参数（渗透系数、摩擦角等）随机场,利用Hermite随机多项式展开拟合尾矿坝安全系数与输入参数之间的隐式函数关系;再采用拉丁超立方抽样技术产生输入参数样本点求解多项式展开系数;最后,通过应用到一实际尾矿坝工程说明了该方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法可以真实地模拟尾矿材料的空间变异性对尾矿坝稳定性的影响,保证尾矿坝可靠度分析与确定性稳定分析互不耦合,与10 000次直接拉丁超立方抽样方法相比,该方法具有较高的计算精度和效率。     

埋地管道缺陷的自漏磁场计算方法研究

基于现有的埋地管道缺陷自漏磁场计算方法把缺陷处的磁荷假设为均匀分布,对于计算结果与实际检测存在较大误差的问题,通过采用ANSYS软件对管道缺陷进行有限元分析,根据材料力磁关系和磁荷理论,提出1种考虑磁荷实际分布的缺陷自漏磁场计算方法,并将该计算方法应用在某埋地管道磁记忆检测中。研究结果表明:该方法计算结果与实际值之间的峰值相对误差为6.9%,相对于现有方法16.4%的相对误差,准确度更高。研究结果有助于在管道磁记忆检测中,提高管道缺陷量化的准确性,对埋地管道缺陷非开挖识别与剩余寿命评价有重要意义。     

Occurrence and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and paddy ecosystems of Liaohe River Basin, northeast China

Concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether(PBDE) congeners were measured in river sediments, paddy soils and three species of paddy-field organisms(crab, loach and carp) collected from the Liaohe River Basin, northeastern China. The total contents of PBDEs(∑_(16)PBDEs) in sediments and paddy soils were in the ranges of 273.4–3246.3 pg/g dry weight(dw), and 192.1–1783.8 pg/g dw, respectively. BDE 209 was the dominant congener both in sediments and paddy soils. The concentrations of ∑_(16)PBDEs in sediments were significantly higher than those in the adjacent paddy soils, indicating a potential transport of PBDEs from river to paddy ecosystems via river water irrigation. The biota–soil accumulation factor(BSAF) was calculated as the ratio between the lipid-normalized concentration in paddyfield organisms and the total organic carbon-normalized concentration in paddy soil. The average BSAF values of ∑15PBDEs followed the sequence of crab(3.6) loach(3.3) carp(2.1). BDE 154 had the highest BSAF value, and a parabolic trend between BSAF values of individual PBDE congeners and their log KOWvalues was observed. In view of the fact that crab had the larger BSAF value and higher lipid content, the ecological risk and health risk for crab cultivation in paddy fields should be of particular concern.     

泽龙湖景观水污染治理及生态修复

为了去除泽龙湖微污染景观水中的氮、磷及有机物等污染成分,采用人工增氧和浮田型生态岛技术对泽龙湖景观水进行了生态修复。结果表明,人工增氧能很好地氧化水中有机物,生态岛水生植物可有效地吸收氮和磷,处理后湖水可达到《地面水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中的Ⅳ类标准。     

基于稳态与非稳态的喷吹管内流场的对比研究

针对等孔径喷吹管,利用CFD软件对其内流场进行数值模拟,得到不同入口流量条件下的流场分布特性。对喷吹管进行非稳态流场模拟,并与稳态模拟结果分析比较,模拟结果误差控制在1%以内,验证了将喷吹管非稳态内流场简化为稳态流场分析具有一定的可行性。沿着喷吹管气流流动方向,喷嘴出口流量分布不均匀,整体有增大的趋势;沿喷吹管轴向气流渐趋均匀,即越靠近端面,喷吹偏心角越小,甚至为0。